當阿隆遇到哈利 -- 新包浩斯傳奇

               
當 Aaron Siskind 和 Herry Callahan 在芝加哥的伊利諾理工學院任教時，他們讓 IIT 的設計學院 (ID) 成為世界各地的攝影界都知道的麥加聖地，那是 1946 年，Callahan 剛抵達芝加哥。

1971年Siskind離開芝加哥而在羅得島設計學院兩人再次相逢，二十五年的輝煌歲月就這樣一眨眼過去。二十五年來, 他們在 IIT 發展了許多的流派，並從旁建立了當代攝影美學，這些攝影家包括有 Harold Allen, Barbara Crane, Richard Nickel, Arthur Siegel, Art Sinsabaugh, Joseph Jachna, Kenneth Josephson, Yasuhiro Ishimoto, Ray Metzker, joseph Sterling, Charlies Swedlund, Archie Lieberman, Art Shay, Bruce Davidson, Joyce Neimanas, Danny Lyon, Eileen Cowin, Walker Evans.
大家都知道芝加哥是現代建築的寶窟之一，然而她也是美國攝影界的重鎮之一，例如 Ray Metzker, Kenneth Josephson 以及 Joseph Jachna 最近的作品企圖從新界定所謂"風景"(landscape) 一詞。

Joseph Sterling 則擅長創造出超現實的意像，並結合了許多各種攝影蒙太奇與暗房的技術，甚至還結合了繪畫的技術等。

Charlies Swedlund 則融合造型藝術與一種類似保存在肯塔基國家公園中的洞穴壁畫，並試著尋找一種一直在記憶深處的感覺。

Ishimoto則專精於"光景"(lightscape)的拓展, 一種藉由在暗房操縱建築攝影與自然攝影的合成。
秉著相同精神的研究開拓，Callahan 與當代攝影師 Nathan Lerner 在後來合作轉入開發新的彩色攝影技巧，Lerner 過去 25 年在日本運用了許多技巧，諸如滴畫、oil drum、佈滿灰塵的表面或者將老鼠坎在腐朽的畫布上等。

Lerner是現代視覺藝術大師、教育家 Laszlo Moholy-Nagy 的弟子，當時1937 年Moholy與現代建築大師 Mies van der Rohe 把德國包浩斯學派的師資，教育大綱帶到了芝加哥而成立了"新包浩斯"學院,，之後在 1949 年加入 Illinois Institute of Technology。

Moholy 死後，他與當時的學派立刻成了傳奇，許多全世界的攝影收藏家，總是希望想盡辦法弄到 Moholy, Aaron Siskind 和 Herry Callahan 的作品，而 Callahan 也回想起當年 Moholy 第一次看到他的作品時，對他的作品印象很深刻，這位自學成功的攝影師隨即便聘請到 IIT 教導，而 Callahan 的作品風格在於他能將平凡的街景、人物、風景等視覺轉化成他個人的恢宏風格，或者變成超現實的視覺感,，另外 Siskind 迫人的抽象作品則是藉由將世俗中日常生活的視覺表像抽離出來，例如他來到芝加哥前，他便已用剝畫技巧加入到他的作品當中，但是他一系列非常詩意而動人心弦 的漂浮人體作品則是在芝加哥完成的，他亦曾經指導一位學生的研究論文去記錄整個芝加哥的歷史建築。

在這段日子，許多從事其它藝術媒介的創作者逐漸開始把攝影當成他們創作的利器之一，芝加哥藝術學院的館長 David Travis 認為現在各類型的藝術界線越來越模糊，它曾經開花結果，並大量的討論爭執，到底攝影的最終極限在哪裡？然而，現在卻沒有人去關心思考這個課題。

攝影美學的終極疆域曾如此的大量開拓，並融合了許多不同藝術型式的材料與觀念，如繪畫、纖維、金屬、布類等等，甚至 Moholy-Nagy 早在四十年前便已實驗出許多"動態視覺"(visions in motion) 的攝影作品。

大師風範已遠，新的曙光卻仍在醞釀，但這個世界卻早已朝向另一個面向走去了。

參考書目:
《Visions in Motion》，Moholy-Nagy, L.著

PARIS - 1800-1940

P A R I S

1. Too fast, too. October 22, 1895 which was started at full speed to compensate for their delay, the train could not brake in time. He crossed the Gare Montparnasse, broke his front and left for 10 yards ahead.

The author writes: Recently I received from France a magnificent gift - a collection of unique postcards of Old Paris. Photos by Roger-Viollet. and decided to scan and share with you. Translated from the French mine.

2. Cleaners Louvre. Inserted into a living frame, creating an exciting cleaners resemblance to the work of Gustave Caillebotte "parquet"

3. Regatta at the Tuileries. In March 1943rd young Parisians ran white sailboats off the coast of the reservoir Tuileries.

4. The glass entrance. The area of ??the Nation in 1950. Standing in front of vegetables vendor laid open glass entrance to the subway.

5. Holiday mill. Cycling dancing at a mill in Montmartre, surrounded the area during popular ball, about the year 1900.

6. Wheel of the twentieth century. The wheel was rotated to the twentieth-century. Carousel rides, and accompanied by a huge celebration on the occasion of World Trade 1900, which marked the transition to the new century.

7. Leap into the future. In the summer 1944th daredevil, flying like an angel, he rushed into the Seine with a bridge Jena.

8. The beach at the New Bridge. Children and dogs are floundering in the Seine with the onset of warmer days 1935th.

9. Snow-covered bridge. To get to the Institute in the winter 1942nd on the bridge could only Arts of the snow-covered road.

10. Taking with open arms. On the terraces the Eiffel Tower, this view appeared as the tourists that wanted to Palais de Chaillot, which seemed to accept them with open arms.

11. Priestess of the holiday. During the World Expo 1900 bank of the Seine around the Eiffel Tower were occupied by new pavilions, which dominated here since 1889.

12. Chimera of Notre Dame. Vampire, leaning on the top of Notre Dame, as if frozen in amazement in front of the panorama of Paris.

13. Dizziness. Fearless work is taken for bringing order to design the Eiffel Tower. Top floor of this big flirt located at an altitude of 276 meters, beautiful view!

14. Paris, which he had not seen before! From the terrace of the first floor Eiffel Tower Paris lovers can admire the city through telescopes, which can be found in souvenir shops (1889-1890gg.)

15. Street fonari.Ulitsa World. Cleaners streetlights in 1766 climbing to the gas-lamps on his big stairs to the flame, clean the glass and discover the leak (1944).

16. Trade at the newsstand. Newspapers, journals and reports are sold at newsstands, these small urban churches, appointed on the sidewalks, and the doors locked at night (at the station of St. Lazarus, 1899).

17. French Cancan. French Cancan, fashionable in the 1830's at a public dance balls, was revised and corrected in the 50s during the popular festivals of the circus troupe of girl Fanny.

18.Ostatki Tuileries Palace, view from the Place du Carrousel, 1878. Bowl-bound ingenious aeronaut Zhiffardom, allowed to be head in the clouds, he could accommodate about 50 passengers and was raised to a height of almost 600m.

19. View from the Arc de Triomphe on Avenue Kleber, 1900. It rises. Exactly on the line, which connects the Louvre to the Arc of large Défense, the Arc de Triomphe towers over the Champs Elysees and protects the flame on the tomb of the Unknown Soldier.

20. Spill the Seine in front of the station of St. Lazarus, 1910. In 1910, the capital hit by the floods, the Parisians moved by boat. January 28 the water level reached 8.62 m and returned to their previous level of 35 days.

21. Icy captivity. Severe frost in 1893 caused frozen Seine, which was covered with ice and made stationary barge on the waterfront Grenelle.

22. Installing Scaffolding at Notre Dame. Paris 1952, a dizzying view to the three workers who were shielded gargoyles to secure the scaffold.

23. Couple in love. Lovers in the Tuileries garden, watching the maneuvers of the vehicles on the Place de la Concorde, in March 1952.

24. Avenue du Bois 1900s. Avenue du Bois, created by Napoleon, made it possible to combine the axis of the Champs Elysees, the Tuileries, the Louvre, Rivoli, with Boulogne forest. Now she was called Avenue Foch.

25. Florist. Well-chosen collar and sleeve, boots with heels and a hat decorated, fashionista lingered in extreme flower florist Bois de Boulogne, who pushes his cart through Paris, the western side (around 1910).

26. Seller of balls on the Place Saint-Michel. These balloons are expecting children to climb into the air over the Seine, on the left bank, in front of Place Saint-Michel (1938).

27. Autumn poetry. Lovers alone in the whole world in the autumn mist Tuileries Gardens, 1945.

28. Puppies for sale at a flea market. All bought and everything can be bought at a flea market, like fleas and flea vectors.

29. World Expo 1900. The Eiffel Tower is proud of its height, these thirteen years, being built as a holiday and a pompous Mrs. World's Fair of 1900.

30. Hotel de Ville and the Bridge d'Arkol. D'Arkol bridge, the first unsupported iron bridge over the Seine, joined Hotel de Ville on the right side and the Hotel-Dieu on the Ile de la Cité.�